The human brain often struggles to process negative instructions effectively. When told “Don’t run” the brain tends to focus on the action being prohibited “run” rather than the negation. This can result in the unintended reinforcement of the behaviour the instruction is trying to stop.

For teaching staff and care workers, understanding this phenomenon is crucial for promoting positive behaviours and improving communication, especially with children or vulnerable individuals who may process instructions more literally or impulsively.

Why the Brain Struggles with Negatives

1. Focus on the Action
   • The brain processes the command’s key verb or action before interpreting the negation. For example:
   • Hearing “Don’t shout” emphasises “shout” rather than the intended behaviour, such as speaking quietly.
2. Visualisation Bias 
   • The brain tends to visualise actions mentioned in commands, regardless of whether they are framed positively or negatively.
   • Example: “Don’t touch the hot stove” immediately evokes an image of touching the stove.
3. Cognitive Load 
   Negatives require additional mental processing, making it harder for individuals—particularly children or those with cognitive challenges—to interpret and act on the instruction correctly.

The Importance of Reframing Commands

Reframing commands into positive language reduces ambiguity, encourages desired behaviours, and improves understanding. Positive instructions:

1. Focus attention on what the individual should do rather than what they shouldn’t.
2. Are easier to visualise and act upon.
3. Promote a supportive and respectful environment.

Examples of Reframed Commands

• Don’t run > Walk |
• Don’t shout > Talk normally
• Stop hitting > Keep your hands to yourself
• Don’t slam the door > Close the door gently.
• Don’t interrupt > Listen to what others have to say

Practical Tips for Reframing Commands

1. Focus on the Desired Behaviour 
   Always state what you want the individual to do instead of what they shouldn’t do.
2. Keep Commands Clear and Simple
   • Use concise and direct language that is easy to understand. Avoid complex phrasing or multiple instructions.
   • Example: Instead of “Don’t stand on the chairs or the table,” say, “Keep your feet on the floor.”
3. Use a Calm and Encouraging Tone
   Deliver commands with a supportive tone to avoid sounding critical or confrontational.
4. Model Positive Behaviour 
   Demonstrate the behaviour you want to encourage. For example, if you want children to speak quietly, lower your voice to set an example.
5. Reinforce Positive Actions
   • Praise individuals for following the reframed instructions.
   • Example: “Thank you for using your quiet voice; it helps everyone concentrate.”

## Benefits of Reframing Commands

1. Promotes clarity: Reduces confusion by focusing on what is expected.
2. Encourages compliance: Makes it easier for individuals to follow instructions.
3. Reduces resistance: Avoids confrontation by framing commands positively.
4. Builds trust and respect: Fosters a supportive and inclusive environment.
5. Improves outcomes: Encourages desired behaviours more effectively.

Conclusion

Reframing commands into positive language is a simple yet powerful tool for teaching staff and care workers. By focusing on what individuals should do rather than what they shouldn’t, educators and carers can foster clearer communication, reduce behavioural challenges, and create a more supportive environment for children and vulnerable adults.

Positive phrasing not only enhances understanding but also helps to build trust and cooperation, aligning with best practices in education and care. Start small by rephrasing a few key instructions and observe the positive changes it can bring to your interactions and outcomes.